a ntsiva
A conch shell used as a horn-trumpet in Madagascar.

abigolo
Southeastern Nigerian xylophone of the Ibo people that follows no established musical scale but designed to mimic speech and offer common phrases and proverbs.

aboès
A traditional folk oboe from the Languedoc region of France.

aburukuwa
Small high pitched friction (talking) drum, of the Akan people of Ghana.

abwe
Cuban scraper used in Yoruba derived lucumí ritual.

accordion
Portable hand held instrument with a pleated bellows that is extended and compressed to force or suck air through reeded holes sounded by a limited range of keys or buttons. Each button or key controlling two reeds, one sounded on the air intake and one on expulsion, with some instruments having keys that operate three separate reeds, creating a chord. Accordions are either diatonic or chromatic. Diatonic instruments have neither sharps or flats and are manufactured in designated keys or key combinations.

Of German/Austrian origin in the 1820s, (co-claims of invention by Friedrich Buschmann in Berlin in 1822 and Cyrill Demian in Vienna in 1823), the original diatonic models, called 'blow accordions', were soon joined by chromatic versions appearing in mid-1850. It's portability and heartiness made it the ideal traveling companion, a sailor's and settler's friend. MoreŠ

acheré, chereé or atchereé
A rhythmic Cuban folk percussion instrument (shaker). Usually consists of a spherical receptacle filled with seeds and attached to a handle. Resembles a maraca but is larger and not played in pairs. The sphere is often constructed of the dried fruit of the calabash tree with a wooden handle attached. Usually played standing, holding the instrument by its handle, its sphere, or by both. The instrument is shaken rhythmically as a complimentary conductor and to enhance timber. Lucumi (Santeria ) batá ensembles use atchereé to call their deities to ritual ceremonies, each deity having a special colored and decorated rattle. Played in ensembles with arará, batá, bembeé, conga, dundún, gangá, kinfuiti, palo, radá, rumba, and the tambourine. Has become a generalized Afro-Cuban term for any rattle used for rituals.

ad-duff
Frame drum from Mozambique.

adabo
Double headed, short wide cylindrically shaped drum from Madagascar.

adaka
The name for a box drum that accompanies adakam recreational music of the Ghanaian Akan people.

adamon or adamo
Small Islamic hourglass-shaped single skin pressure drum (talking drum) hit with a curved stick and used in Nigerian Yoruban juju music. Very common name in the Northern / Ibadan area. Like all wooden Yoruban drums, only constructed from the oma and apa trees. Also known as gángan, apala.

adenkum
Gourd stamping tube that accompanies adenkum recreational music of the Ghanaian Akan people. Also the name of dance and song that it informs

adeudeu
Kenyan six stringed lyre.

adgha
Name for a percussion instrument made from a mortar or grindstone struck with two pestles, common to the people around Gourara in Algeria.

adjá
A small Afro-Brazilian metal bell used in syncretic Christian religious ceremonies of Bahia and Recife. Also a named used for a double, cone shaped metal rattle.

adjulona
Among the Brazilian Carajá and Savaje Indians a simple wind blown pipe/trumpet having a twisted ribbed-or ridged leaf reed. Also the name for a side blown wooden trumpet having a flared bell endpiece made from a gourd.

adodo
Ghanaian one piece shaker used in Yewe cult rituals. Made from a forged iron bar that flairs out at both ends to form a cluster of bells, looking a bit like sea coral.

adodo
Ghanaian hourglass shaped pressure (talking) drum.

adowa drums
Set of Ghanaian wooden skin covered drums, peg tuned and usually decoratively carved.

adufé
A square (rectangular), skin covered frame drum, and sometimes a tambourine in Brazil. Term prob. from Arabic 'duff' via Andelusia. In the central regions of Portugal it is double headed, containing wood chips or pebbles inside to create a rattling sound, and traditionally played by women. Sometimes ³aduf (fe)².

adufo
"see cuica."

adungu
Arch backed harp or musical bow from Northern Uganda (Alur people). Has seven to ten strings.

adyá
Metal rattle from Cuba.

afofié
Brazilian small flute with African origins.

afoxe
Brazilian name for a Northern (Bahian / Afro-Brazilian) hand held shaker made by covering a hollow gourd with a weblike string of beads, the beads rotated around the gourd to create a rhythmic percussive sound. Also known as a xequerê (xequre). Sometimes called a cabaça. The slow rhythm played is called ijexá, rooted in the ritualistic candomblé music. Also a style of African centered religious music that has become a part of Bahian carnival, and now pop styles.

African piano
Box, metal container, gourd or solid wooden resonator, often with a sound hole or slits, and having surface mounted rigid keys that vibrate freely when plucked. The usually 3 -12 ³keys² (lamella) of different lengths are arranged in a fan or parallel pattern and usually pushed downward with the fingers and/or thumbs of both hands and released. Some instruments allow for tuning by loosening the clamping strip(s) that hold the keys in place so keys can be slid forward or backward, making them longer or shorter, thereby changing the tone. Keys are made from metal strips, wood, split cane, bamboo, or any variety of grasses. Metal keys are hammered-thin iron or spring metal either purchased or salvaged from automobile springs, old gramophones, flatware, umbrella struts or clocks. Sometimes the body has bottle caps, shells or metal bits attached for that extra buzz. Some cultures place the instrument in a gourd for amplification, and modern music has introduced the fiberglass gourd.

Probably originated in Congo/Zaire where it is called a likembe / likembi and spread to Central and South America and the Caribbean through slavery. The most common name is the sanza or sansa, a Congolese Marungu word, that is used throughout West and Central (Equatorial) Africa.

Other African and New World names include afosangu (Sudan), agidigbo (Yoruban, Nigeria), apremprensuah (Ghana), budongo (Uganda), eleke, ikembe (Burundi and Congo), insimbi, kalimba, karimba (Zimbabwe), kasayi, kasanji (Luba peoples, Zimbabwe, ), kisanji, likembe (Zambia, Angola), luvale (Zambia), lukembe (Congo, parts of Tanganyika), lukembi (northeastern Zaire, Bantu name for 10 bamboo keyed instrument sometimes adopted in Mbuti pygmies), lukeme, maduimba, malimba (Haiti), marimba brett (New Orleans, keys on a board vibrate a wire on this slave era insturment), marimbula (USA, Cuba, Dominican Republic, var. Caribbean Islands), matape (Zimbabwe), mbo njo ( ) mbira or shona mbira (Shona people, Zimbabwe), kalimbe mbira and njara mbira (Southern Zimbabwe), mbira huru (Zezura people), molo (Congolese Mbum), mucapata (Zaramo, Tanzania), neikemb (Congo), ngeya (Angola), njari (Shona-Karanga), nyunga (Manyika culture, Zimbabwe), okeme (Uganda), oopoochawa, quisanche (Montevideo, Uruguay), timbrh (raft or box resonator, rafia lamellae, Vute people, Cameroon), ubo or ubo aka (Ibo or Igbo people, Eastern Nigeria), sangu (Ewe). The Biroms of Nigeria also play a small raft zither called a ryomka made up of 5 groups of 3 same-toned, tuned bamboo keys plucked with the thumbs.

The mbira of Zimbabwe is one of the most elaborate, with sometimes two or three tiers of upwards of 20 keys. The 'keyboard' is nestled within the gourd resonator, attached to a stick support running the diameter. The instrument was suppressed during the colonial era, and in modern music maintains a link between the traditional and the electric. Ephat Mujuru is the countries best known performer. Stella Chiweshe has also made a name for herself by mastering this instrument usually played only by men. The mbira dza vadzimu (mbira of the Ancestors) of the Zezuru people (a Shona group) has 22 keys, with a range of 3 octaves on 3 tiers of keys.

Most instruments are handheld, but there are also large bass box resonating lamellaphones such as the Yoruban agidigbo (Yoruba people, Nigeria, West Africa, broad and few lamellae), the Bai (Vai?) kongoma (Sierra Leone, used by Ebenezer Calender) and the Akan prempensua (Ghana). (also Fon in Benin. name?). Agidigbo has been electrified for use in contemporary praise singing in Nigeria. A large six pronged instrument, playing the penatonic scale, has also been found in Abraka, Nigeria, caled the 'sologun'. These larger instruments were even more popular and widespread in the Caribbean and South America. Here the generic name of Cuban origin is marimbula, "marimba" meaning "several notes" in the Bantu language, with "ula" a Spanish suffix. Notable are the Jamaican rumba box used in mento music, the Cuban marimbula, the original base instrument in the son, and the Banja in Trinidad. From Cuba the instrument probably spread throughout the region, and it has been suggested, was the instruments original birthplace, coming back to Africa with freed slaves.

Simplified and familiar descriptive names that have been used by European observers include; thumb piano, finger piano, hand piano, local piano, Kaffir piano and African nail violin. Patterns developed by this instrument were often the basis for many African guitar styles.

afuche or cabasa
Generic name for a South American rattle, the most common form looks like a Tibetian hand held prayer wheel, a wooden, metal or plastic cylinder on a handle, wrapped circularly in rows of plated steel ball chain. Some shakers are also called afuche shakere.

agadavi
One name for an African derived Brazilian drumstick.

agan
Plow part used as a percussion instrument in Tambu parades on the Caribbean island of Curaçao.

agbadga
Ghanaian skin covered pedestal drum carved from mahogany and usually played in pairs, one drum slightly larger. These are tuned drums used to send messages over long distances. Agbadga or agbadza also describes a rhythm incorporated into modern electrified dancebands.

agbe
A Cuban folk percussion instrument. Also referred to as chequeré but most commonly as guiro. Consists of a hollow gourd-like fruit such as a pumpkin or squash that has been enmeshed by a beaded netting. The neck of the fruit is uncovered and serves as a handle. The beads are made from a variety of seeds of different sizes, but the most common seeds are taken from the following plants: maté, guacalote, jaboncillo, cayajabo, flamboyán, and ojos de buey. To play the instrument, one grips it by the neck and shakes while knocking the bottom with the other hand. Usually played in groups of three, with each guiro differing in size. Played in Santería festivals.

agbé or agbe
Nigerian large rattle (idiophone) made from the hollowed gourd of the calabash tree covered with a netting strung with pieces of bamboo, beads or cowrie shells. Also exists in Cuba. Called lilolo in the Congo. Also known as chékere or guiro.

agboba
Ghanaian tall, large single headed, skin covered barrel bass drum ( 0.9 meters or 3 feet) with a closed bottom.

aggué
Another name for the Cuban chequeré, a hollow gourd idiophone covered in a beaded net.

agida
Indigenous goblet shaped folk drum of the river cultures of Surinam. This one headed skin cover drum usually has a body carved with snake images, its purpose to invoke a snake deity. While primarily a Moroon instrument, occasionally used in Surinamese kaseko music.

In Haiti, describes a strung bow sometimes used to strike the head of the secunda drum, one of an ensemble used in Voudoun ritual of Rada sèvis ensembles.

agidigbo
Large West African four or five keyed African bass piano. 40s music using this lamellophone was often called 'mambo' music, since it took many of it's musical patterns from that Latin style. Also used in a variety of popular Nigerian musics in the 50s including palmwine and juju. ...see African Piano.

agogo, ago-go
Agogó is a Yoruban Nigerian word whose name mimics the sound of the bell (or means bell [?]) when struck. It exists as both a single and a double bell form and functions as a time keeper in a variety of Yoruban popular musics. At it's most intoxicating in fuji ensembles. Called ogene by the Ibo and by the onamaeopetic nkwong by the Ibibios, both Southeastern Nigerian people. Termed ogan in the Fon language of Togo.

In Brazil the agogo is a metal clapperless double-bell percussion instrument of West African origin. Bells are flanged like cowbells and joined with a curved piece of metal so as to be held in one hand. Made of tin or iron and sometimes riveted together. Bells produce separate tones when struck with a wooden stick, metal rod or drumstick. Used in many Afro-Brazilian religious ceremonies and secular celebrations. Became a common percussion instrument in nearly all Brazilian music and was introduced in America via Brazilian jazz in the 70s. Can also be the name for a single bell. A deep toned agogo is used in candomblé religious music called a gongue. Also known as a ga, and called a gan in Bahia.

In Cuba the ³agogo² is an essential instrument in Afro-Cuban Santería bembé ceremonies The bells come in various shapes and sizes, each referencing a particular Youruban diety.

agoual or agual or agwäl
Tall Muslim single headed goblet drum, hourglass shaped, made of metal or ceramic and covered with goatskin. Probably of Berber origin, similar to the darabuka, much larger than a ta'riya.

aguache
Colombian seed filled shaker used in traditional cumbia ensembles that could validly owe it's source to either Amerindian or African models.

aguang
Term for a suspended gong in Minangkabau, Indonesia.

ague
Another spelling for agbe.

agwal
Moroccan barrel shaped small drum from the western Great Atlas, used by Taskiwin.

agwe
Another spelling for the agbe.

aiapá
Brazilian shaker or chocalho (port: rattle).

aidjé, aidye or aige
A bull-roarer, or thunder stick, of the Central Brazilian Bororó Indians. Also called "hippopotamus" by white observers.

aita
Southeast Cameroonian musical bow (?) of the Baka forest people.

ajaeng
Korean bowed zither with 7 or 9 strings made of twisted silk, arranged on movable bridges carved in the shape of a crane's foot. Played with a rosined wooden forsythia bow in classical court ensembles where it carries the melody along with the winds, at a slow tempo. Played one end elevated on a wooden stand. A less wide variant called a 'sanjo.'

aji
Nigerian tin whistle usually played by children's ensembles.

akadinda
Large twenty-two keyed xylophone from Uganda, played simultaneously by four musicians.

akasaa
Metal rattle loosely attached to the top of the drum head for a little extra buzz by the Akan people of Ghana.

akogo
Thumb oe African piano from Uganda.

akoko
Folk rattle made from the shells of nuts.

akonting
Gambian long-necked lute, said to be a forerunner of the new-world banjo.

akúba
Conga type drum used in Nigerian Yoruban popular music and based on Afro-Cuban versions. Upright, single-headed cylinder drum beaten with the hands.

al-ras
Large bass skin covered drum of the Gulf region and the UAE (Arab Emirates) used in Ayyalah song and dance performance.

al-'ud or aud
Another common designation for the 'oud, 'ud, or uud, the Pear or almond-shaped Arabic lute.

alamoth
A double pipe used in ancient Jewish music.

albogon
Name for a rustic Spanish flute.

alboka
A high pitched Basque hornpipe with double reeds. Older spelling also seen is 'albogue', prob. derived from the Arabic word for horn, 'al buce.

aleke drum
A recently invented drum used in Surinam's aleke music that replaced the apinti drum in the 70s. Three plus feet tall and usually arranged in groups of three.

alfandoque
The Colombian version of the maracas. In Ecuador's Esmeraldas Province it is a bamboo shaker/rattle with longitudinal slits and held in both hands.

algaita
Nigerian reeded pipe (shawm) of the Muslim Hausa people in the North. Wooden body is covered in leather, with four finger holes.

alghoza or algozey or algoza
Asian Indian folk duct flute used in traditional Punjabi music, including bhangra.

alhaban
Tanned goatskin mouth-blown bagpipe with three pipes (air, drone and keyed melody) from the Arab Emirates (UAE) that are very popular at weddings.

allun
Frame drum with small cymbals from Morocco, used by Berber Chleuhs.

almglocken
Cow bell from Germany and Switzerland.

almirez
Brass Panamanian grain mortar used as a percussion instrument.

alo
Nigerian large hollow metal gong.

alogoza
Asian Indian double flute, one pipe acting as a drone and the other to produce the melody.

alpenhorn
Long bell shaped valveless horn.

alumaru
Ugandan traditional flute of the Iteso people.

amadrinda, amadinda, or embairé
Large Ugandan log xylophone played by three of four musicians at a time.

amakhehlese
South African rattles made of metals tins or strung together flattened bottle tops that are tied to the ankles of gumboot dancers.

amakondere
Side blown trumpet from Southern Uganda, associated with the royal court in Bunyoro.

amakumsha
Ugandan 12 keyed xylophone.

amalie
Small 'baby' conga-like drum used by Trinidadian Shango spirit cults.

ambio
Rosewood claves from Madagascar.

amelé
One of many variations of the chequeré, a Brazilian rattle.

amponga
Malagasy two- headed cylinder drum.

amzad or amzhad or imzad or imzhad
One stringed bowed fiddle common to the people around Gourara in Algeria. Resonator is made from a skin covered half calabash and string is twisted horsehair. More common among north African Touareg peoples where it is a woman's instrument.

anafil
Long straight Spanish trumpet.

anakué or anukué
Cuban metal rattle made from two joined cones (looking like a bow-tie) and filled with small pebbles or seeds, used in Arará ceremonies.

anata
Bolivian lowlands rustic vertical whistle flute. Has a thick body and six fingerholes, usually made from softwood. In Argentina it is also called taruma and tarke.

angkuoch or kangkuoch
Khmer Jew's harp of bamboo or iron from Cambodia.

angogó
A flute from Brazil.

anguá
Water drum of the Guarany Indians of Paraguay.

anklung or angklung
Tuned bamboo tubes suspended in a wooden frame common throughout Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand.

antara
Peruvian / Andean Quechua people's endblown pentatonic panpipe made by lashing reed, cane or clay of different sizes together. Other names include; atala and ayarichi. Similar instruments known as sicu in Bolivia, rondador in Ecuador, and capador in Colombia.

apentemma
One of the many forms of Ghanaian 'talking drum.'

apesi
Described as a small double African drum similar to bongos on the back of Olatunji's High Life 1963 Lp, played here by Chief Bey.

apinti
Native Maroon drum from Surinam used in traditional Ndjuka styles of music. This long cylindrical single headed drum is now common to Black urban ensembles and occasionally used in Surinamese kaseko music.

apito
Brazilian endblown whistle. Most familiar usage is to signal directions and trigger excitement when blown by the bateria's director in an escola de samba. This whistle is a common military model. Folk versions are hand carved out of wood, have three tones and look like a tongue sticking out. This Portuguese word indicates a holed, whistle flute in it's homeland.

aponga
Zebu skin covered double headed drum usually found in central Madagascar. The aponga is suspended by a stap over the players neck, the higher pitched end struck with a pliable stick, the base end hit with the hand.

apremprensuah, apremprensemma, aprempremsewa
Ghanaian name for an African finger piano or base box. ...see African Piano.

apunga
Side blown large horn fom the Belgian Congo.

arará tambores [drums]
sing: tambor arará. Stemming from the material and spiritual tradition of present-day Benin in western Subsahara Africa, tambores arará are single headed Cuban folk drums. Constructed from cedar into the form of cup or cylinder, with goat hide stretched atop the open face of the instrument. The leather is pulled taut by rings of thick hemp which are maintained in place by braces of rope bound in zigzags. Played in groups of three or four, with each drum differing in size, although all tambores arará are heavy and large. The largest drum, referred to as asojun in Havana and Matanzas and as dajún among practitioners of the Arará cult in Agramonte, is usually 1045 mm (51 in) in length. The medium and small drums, whose names are far more diverse and numerous, measure 730 mm (36 in) and 660 mm (32 in) respectively. The drums are played by propping the instruments onto a metal brace that leaves the drums on an incline. The biggest drum is positioned in the middle, with the medium drum to the left and the small drum to the right. The drums are played by striking the top and the sides with hands and/or sticks made from the following woods: guayaba, marabú, yaya, and rascabarriga. The drum sticks are usually 300-400 mm (14-19 in) in length, 25-30 mm (1.2-1.4 in) in thickness. Played in an ensemble the drums are usually accompanied by a cowbell.

ardin or ardine
Mauritanian 10 or 12 stringed harp played by Islamic women. Uses a kora-like hemispheric skin covered calabash resonator, that is often drummed while strings are plucked. Neck held in place by the tension of the strings.

arghul
Arab double pipe reeded horned flute (clarinet or oboe-like), one pipe is a base drone the other having 5 fingerholes. Called aghanin in Morocco, and a slightly different version called a çifte around the Black Sea city of Ererli (Turkey). In Lebanon and a great deal of the Arab world also known as mizmar, while in Syria this folk instrument also called mezweg.

arpa Criolla
Venezuelan Creole harp.

arpa de boca
Spanish term for a jew's harp.

arpa indigena
Peruvian indigenous harp. Originally a Spanish import probably introduced by the Jesuits, it became an instrument with 33 nylon strings, tuned diatonically, eight resonating holes in wooden body.

arpa veracruzana
Large European 32-36 stringed harp played by Mexican jarocho (inhabitants of Veracruz State) musicians. Major regional solo instrument and competitions between harpists can be fierce.

arpa-ché
Guatemalan musical mouth bow of the Kekchi Indians played with a stick. Other names incl.; apaché, caramba, marimba-ché, narimba-ché...

ashiko
Yoruban, Nigerian cone shaped, skin covered, barrel drum made from spokes of wood.

ashukhshaykhah
Egyptian hand held rattle made from a tin can, or delicately manufactured to mimic one.

aski
Hornpipe common to Turkey.

askomandboura or askómandhra
Name for the bagpipe on the Greek islands with a double chanter usually with 5 finger holes, a lamb or goat skin bag, and no drone pipe . Also called tsamboúna.

aso
Xylophone made with wooden slats from Benin. Also called doso.

asor
An ancient Hebrew harp or lyre, probably smaller than the nevel, with maybe 10 strings derived from 'eser' (ten)?

asson
Haitian rattle/maraca.

assongué
Cylindrical metal rattle, with pointed ends, and supported by a wooden handle, originating in the provinces of Matanzas and Havana, used in Arará ritual music.

assoto, assotor, asotó
A rare single headed drum of six or seven feet in height, only used in very solumn rituals of Haitian voudoun, constructed and consecrated with equally solemn rites. Slonimsky describes simply as a drum from Haiti that also describes the accompanying dance.

atabal
"A small drum, used by the natives of Central America and the West Indies" Also a rustic group of three single headed drums, of Spanish origin, ftom the Dominican Republic. (Music of Latin America, Slonimsky)

atabaque
Brazilian single headed conical shaped skin covered drum, played with the hands, that looks similar to the Cuban conga drum and prob. of African origin. Played in a set of three sizes: rum, rumpi, and lé. Rum is the largest and dominant drum, also called 'talking and mother' ( íyò ' lù), and played with the hands. Part of the ritual drumming associated with the candomblé religion of Bahia, where it is also known as, ilú. Drums usually tied with a cloth the color of the deity (orixá) they are honoring. The two smaller drums are played with sticks (agidavis) and are housed in every candomblé house that drummers visit, drummers usually not allowed to bring their own. There are many rituals and ceremonies associated with making and caring for these sacred drums.

atamo
Small Ethiopian hand drum.

atang
A brass bell used during funerals and other dance occasions by the Igede of Nigeria.

atarigane
Hand held suspended gong from Japan. Also called chan chiki or kane.

atecocolli
Conch shell horn (caracol or caracol marino) of the pre-Columbian Aztecs of Central America.

atenteben or atentenben
Ghanaian end blown bamboo flute, usually associated with Ashanti royalty.

atoke
Small boat-shaped bell from Ghana. The atoke is held in the palm of the hand and sounded with a metal bar. Also known as a toke or dawuro.

atsimevu or atsimewu
Large long lead drum of the Ibo people of Nigeria. In Ghana the lead drum for Anlo-Ewe music.

attougblan
Ivoirian large drum.

atumpan or ntumpani
Large paired kettle drums of the Akan people of Ghana that are tilted away from the player on the ground and struck with sticks.

au ni aau
Bamboo panpipes from Malaita in the Solomon Islands.

au pasiawa
Double stringed bamboo musical bow from Malaita in the Solomon Islands.

au porare
Bamboo transverse flute with two finger holes from Malaita in the Solomon Islands.

au waa
Bamboo panpipes from Malaita in the Solomon Islands.

au ware
Cluster of bamboo panpipes from Malaita in the Solomon Islands.

aulos
Reeded pipe (shawm) from Greece, dating back to ancient times, usually describing a double pipe and probably a double reeded instrument.

autoharp
A strummed or plucked psaltery or zither having a pressure keyboard to isolate unwanted strings within a chord.

avaga or awaga
Ghanaian round iron clappered bell with a handle associated with priests at ritual occasions.

axabebe
Spanish reed flute.

axatse
Large hollow gourd rattle, covered with a net of small beads and shells, and favored in Ghanaian religious music. Players adjust tension on the net with one hand as the gourd is shaken and hit against the leg. Played by the Ewe (Anlo-Ewe) people in their gahu music.

ayacaztli or ayacaxtli or ayacachtli or ayacatchtli
Gourd maracas or shaker used by the Aztecs in pre-colonial Central America.

ayariché
Variously described as a clay ocarina, panpipe or flute of the Peruvian Aymara people.

aykhori
Long Bolivian reeded double flute made from unequal lengths of cane. Used by Indians throughout the Central Plateau in South America.

aylli-quepa
A rustic two toned trumpet from Peru made from a conch shell.

ayochicahuaztli
Metal rattle from Mexico.

ayotl
Ancient Mezo-American tortoise-shell drum played with a stag's antler. In Mexico and Guatemala today the shell is suspended by a chord from around the neck end-wise and hit on both sides.